Legislation creates new insurance program for farmers to protect against extreme weather

WASHINGTON, D.C. – U.S. Senator Peter Welch (D-Vt.) recently led Senators Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.), Chris Murphy (D-Conn.),and Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.) in reintroducing theWithstanding Extreme Agricultural Threats by Harvesting Economic Resilience (WEATHER) Act, legislation that calls for the development of an index-based insurance policy that is more responsive to crop and income losses faced by farmers as a result of extreme weather. This would be especially beneficial to farmers in Vermont following floods in July 2023 and July 2024, which impacted nearly 31,000 acres of farmland across the state and resulted in at least $50 million in agricultural losses and damages 

“As we saw during brutal back-to-back floods in Vermont, the consequences of extreme weather events are devastating, and they can vary from farm to farm. It’s crucial that crop insurance meets the needs of our farmers and gets support back to those who need it, quickly,” said Senator Welch. “This commonsense bill works to ensure that all farmers are protected against economic strains caused by extreme weather and get the help they need to recover when a disaster hits. It’s important for Vermont’s family-owned small farms, and it’s important for farmers all across America.” 

“The current federal crop insurance options are not workable for many of the small and diversified farms we have in Vermont. In the face of flooding and more unpredictable weather due to climate change, the federal government must step up to support farmers, food producers, and small businesses. The WEATHER Act is an important step in ensuring the Federal Crop Insurance Program can respond to the needs of farmers in Vermont and across the northeast,” said Senator Sanders. 

“For years, I’ve sounded the alarm that uninsured farmers need aid to rebuild from floods and other extreme weather events, especially since these crops are their livelihood,” said Sen. Warren. “The WEATHER Act begins to solve this problem by reimbursing farmers automatically if an extreme weather event occurs, rather than the current system that imposes a large administrative burden on farmers, systematically disadvantaging family-run diversified farms.”   

“A new normal of thousand-year storms every year has caused chaos for farmers across the country—ruining crops and destroying land—and in recent years, Connecticut farms have been devastated by extreme weather events, including severe flooding and unprecedented droughts. With this essential legislation, we work to improve our farm safety nets for producers in order to make sure they receive the support they need to weather the storm and keep their farms thriving,” said Senator Blumenthal. 

“Farmers in Connecticut are increasingly dealing with more extreme weather, and we need to make sure they don’t face extra burdens when the next disaster strikes,” said Senator Murphy. “The WEATHER Act would simplify the recovery process by using weather data to trigger automatic insurance payouts, helping farmers get back on their feet quickly with less red tape.” 

“More frequent floods and drought driven by climate change are threatening the livelihoods of our state’s farmers – from Western Maryland to the Eastern Shore. By modernizing federal crop insurance to account for these growing risks, this legislation will help Maryland’s small family farms get back up and running more quickly following natural disasters and improve the stability of our food supply,” said Senator Van Hollen. 

“The WEATHER Act of 2025, introduced by Senators Welch, Sanders, and Warren is a thoughtfully and carefully crafted proposal that would direct the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation to collaboratively research and develop an index-based insurance policy designed to support farmers in withstanding agricultural income losses closely correlated with weather conditions—including severe weather or growing conditions applicable to small-scale farmers,” said David Howard, Policy Development Director for the National Young Farmers Coalition. “Young farmers across the country are dealing with the increasingly destructive impacts of the climate crisis on their farms every day. As farmers struggle to rebuild from and manage ongoing and future impacts, it is clear that we need more tools in our agricultural climate risk policy toolbox. Young Farmers endorses the WEATHER Act of 2025, recognizing how this proposal can complement existing resources and strengthen support for young farmers in persevering through these impacts.” 

Unpredictable weather events exacerbate risks associated with farming, necessitating responsive crop insurance policies. However, producers often opt out of crop insurance due to administrative burdens, high premiums, and low payouts. The WEATHER Act works to better support farmers facing income losses after extreme weather events by reducing administrative hurdles and ensuring that insurance payouts are based on agricultural income losses. The legislation would direct the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to use its insurance research and development authority to research the possibility of developing an index-based insurance program that: 

• Creates a multi-peril index insurance product for farmers based on weather indices correlated to agricultural income losses using data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), satellites, climate models, and other data sources. 
• Pays out within 30 days in the event of indices exceeding any of the pre-determined county-level thresholds for the following events: High winds, excessive moisture and flooding, extreme heat, abnormal freeze conditions, hail, wildfires, drought, and other perils the Secretary determines appropriate. 

Learn more about the WEATHER Act. 

Read the full text of the bill. 

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